How to find Slovene words for beekeeping therms?

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http://books.google.si/books?printsec=frontcover&id=t86rbO9g4eMC#v=onepage&q&f=false

Go to page 187 and you will find Slovene words for listed English words used in the dictionary.

You can use also search for English words here:

http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/c/term/cebelarski/

or this newer search engine - you can choose English interface:

http://www.fran.si/145/cebelarski-terminoloski-slovar

At fran.si is better to choose advanced search engine to search for English words.

http://www.fran.si/napredno

But the results give you list of Slovene words. I suggest you to use rather this site:

http://isjfr.zrc-sazu.si/en/terminologisce/slovarji/cebelarski/iskalnik?ustreznik=drone&jezik=ang#v

It doesn't have English interface but it will give you list of english words that you can then get Slovene description. Just in place of word "drone" as seen below on screen print, write English term that you would like to get Slovene description. Hint: You can also change world "drone" in provided link and you will get result directly, of course if that term exist in dictionary.

 I hope you will enjoy with this great tool!  

Innovative frame construction for pre-wired foundations

I used pre-wired wax foundations during my study in USA (very long ago 😉). I always missed such possibilities in our AŽ hive. I did innovative design and tested in my hives as well with the student Alen Skubin for his undergraduate thesis. Since we were not able to buy prewired foundations in Slovenia, we made them by our self. Alen prepared special device to do that. You can check English abstract and figures in his thesis (most interesting from Fig.17 to Fig. 32). I wrote about that also in the book. Yesterday I did honey extraction from few such combs and it went great like Alen described. Here is link to mentioned thesis:
http://www.digitalna-knjiznica.bf.uni-lj.si/zootehnika/vs_skubin_alen.pdf
This works great in classical arrangements of frames in AŽ hive.

Such a frame from my experimental hive. When it is built it is ridged enough and flow nicely over round bars.

QA: Isn't it strange to turn comb upside down into unnatural position?

Yes, for most World's beekeepers that sounds weird. It is also hard to except by the beekeeper that wants to be as much as it is possible to the natural situation in a hive. In the past that was also hard to except by Slovenian beekeepers as well,  but nowadays many are practicing that. Many questions arise from the beekeepers like: (1) wouldn't drop out fresh honey from the cells, (2) wouldn't have larvae problems staying in the cells. I'd like to play with demonstration that even water will not flow out of the cells if the comb is turned in horizontal position and cell are facing straight down. Also larvae don't have a problem to develop and also bees for feeding the larvae. Of course, typical frame from the Langs' hive can't be turned upside down. I'm experimenting with new frame design that I will be able to use in my new experimental hive for AŽ type of beekeeping. I'm using plastic tabs to hang the frame in Langstroth hive body and I have a chance to re-position taps to other side and hang the frame back in the hive in the way that empty space to the wooden bar is on the top. Bees usually fill such gap with beeswax cells and reinforce the structure. This is grate during extraction if such comb become comb in the honey section of the hive. In AŽ hives we don't need to handle with the taps, we can just turn around the frame. We have two possibilities, just horizontal flip or diagonal and turning also front side to the back along with upside down. This usually brings honey reserves on the comb toward hive entrance. Bees instinctively remove food source from entrance side to the top and the back. In this way we are stimulating bees to use reserves from frames in brood section and to enlarge brood area.  In this way we are also enlarging comb area for two rows of the cells. If we are doing that during regular examination the such action doesn't mean extra time. In general I prefer completely build comb in the whole frame.

My experimental frame prepared for upside down position in my experimental Langs' hives that are used to practice transfer into AŽ type of the hive.

Oh, flipping of the frames  for extra comb building need some fresh nectar flow that bees will do it well. When you are rearranging the brood location regardless flipping changing the position, enlarging space for brood be aware that bees need to take care for proper thermoregulation. Don't do that if it is expected significant drop of temperature in next few days.

QA: Extra combs from OA treated hives, hive ventilation

I will try to collect some question and post some answers that I would fill they might be of the wider interest. This two I've got in this spring.

Q1: If you use oxalic acid fumigation in the fall, does it affect the honey left over from winter?  Can you extract that honey or is it best to just feed it back to the girls?
A1: Oxalic acid as it is used in the hives leaves some residues in the honey, but levels are far bellow of the limits for the food consumption. From that point of few “honey” as you mentioned can be consumed. But regardless of that, winter stores are not real honey, because in most cases it is based on sugar feeding. At list never sell such extracted “honey” to the consumers. There are several possibilities. Full combs if they are not dirty (potential Nosema infestation) can be used for making splits. Nice partially field can be used back in colonies, but better in the brood chamber. Scrap the wax covers of the honey and bees will empty the cells and use for the brood. The safest way of use is to extract and use for fermentation for med or if not perfect taste, distill for brandy (be aware of legitimacy for doing that!).

Q2: Under what conditions would the rear door flap(s) be opened? One or both upper and lower? My recollection is that you said in very hot weather or in winter if you have foam in the back and wish to let condensation escape. Does it help with air flow when they are drying honey for example.

A2: It is true that flaps were constructed mainly to insure ventilation during transportation. Later have been recognized that at list upper one can be opened also during the winter when you have installed foam inside. I open them also during high nectar intake to make them easier with ventilation of the hive. If the bee house is not to bright, too much daily light than this will not disturb them. In such case is good to shade the windows as well. In hot regions it is also good that bee house has at list good passive ventilation, taking colder air from the back or side and release it at the top.
It is good to mention her that some professional beekeepers are using only foam through out the whole year, no extra doors at the back. Especially when they build several hives together as a chest.

Upper flap opened in this new hive (upper door opening in the book)

Springs developments

This year we had early and warm spring after quit normal winter for Slovenia. Two weeks ago I went with my wife and her sister family to Solčava and nearby valleys. We hat great lunch in Robanov kot where they have also nice old bee house like their neighbors. This one is without bees but neighbors do hive few colonies inside.

Few days later my bee house was like that:

Although we had some cold days and majority of Slovenia hat freeze, likely, my hill is something special and not much damage. At some locations is some damage to Black Locust flowers, but much, much better then in other regions where beekeepers are used to drive their mobile bee houses.

This week I visited one young beekeeper with well established beekeeping with new beehouses. Suzanne takes her trips there as well.

I'm playing this year with some new technology experiment. I hope it will come out fine for AZ style of beekeeping. Here is one detail, which is just work around during preparation of occupied frames for new hives which need to be built jet.

The best think that happened is final setup of my book for print-on-demand. I didn't changed much, just prepared for  US latter size and make it ready as required by CreateSpace. That makes book available simple through on-line ordering direct at CreateSpace or soon also through Amazon On-line stores. And I can get them for reasonable price as well.That is link to my store at Creative Space:

https://www.createspace.com/7110096

I hope all that will make me better comunicator with all AZ hive adopters in coming months .

Janko

Beehouse in the winter

Beehouse protects hives from bad weather. Special insulation is not really needed. More then winter freezing you might have to thing about summer overheating. Tree shadow could work well or you have to provide good ventilation, openings and perhaps some insulation of the roof to reduce heating of the inner air. That could help over the winter as well but is not necessary. Most important is to fill all gaps between the hives to reduce heat loss between the hives due to wind flow. You can put some insulation at the side of hives on the left and right margin of the beehouse. Inside of the hive is enough 2cm of polyurethane foam or similar material. Some are using only newspaper sheets, like 8 layers is enough. In case of using isolation foam, you can even open ventilation openings at the back door of the hive. In case of rodents access inside of the bee house that could mean special invitation inside of the hive. In such case rather keep openings closed and take care during warming up of the weather to dry insulation or even exchange with dry one.

My beehouse during winter 2005

Beekeeping in AŽ hive helps to understand bee bread processing

Old traditional way of bee management in AŽ hive includes also placement of the covered brood comb from the brood section into the honey section. In that way is released some place in the brood section to add frames with wax foundation. That is not really the perfect solution to reduce swarming behavior, but today that is not my topic. With this practice beekeepers often place also bee bread, which is around the brood. In the honey section bees will not use the bee bread, most of it is covered with honey and stored. That also happens in brood section, but usually just for a shorter time due to dynamic of the brood development and colony growth. Some could be left in the fall if bees have strong pollen pasture as well.

During extraction I got sometimes also such combs with a lot of bee bread*. Is such bee bread much better then just store in uncovered cells? We did some research and found out that it has stronger antimicrobial activity and that this might be due to processing by bees. Together with my PhD student Blaž Podrižnik we went in some further details. First results are published in Journal of Apiculture Research:
Maturation and stratification of antibacterial activity and total phenolic content of bee bread in honey comb cells
dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2015.1090774
We have more results to show but we need some time to prepare some new papers. It is really great to know that bees have major role in preparing bee pollen storage in comb cell. A lot of new research is triggered which will help us not only to better understand bees, but also to produce better bee products. And hive could have an important role.

Janko

Photo by Blaž Podrižnik

* This practice is not very well if you are using synthetic acaracides to control Varroa mites. If they or their degradation products are stable and stay in comb's wax, they might pass into stored honey. In such case you have to mark such frames that will not be extracted for human consumption.